Cabo Verde is a Small Island Developing State (SIDS) experiencing multiple transitions in demographics, epidemiology, nutrition, consumption patterns, and income status. As a Lower Middle-Income Country (MIC) for 15 years, it has made significant strides in achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and is actively implementing Agenda 2030.
While the country has made remarkable progress in certain areas compared to its peers, there remains a complex path towards improving access to basic and social services. Challenges persist, particularly in some municipalities and islands such as the North of Santiago, Fogo, Brava, and Santo Antão. Gender inequalities continue to exist despite significant progress in reducing gender-based violence and gaps.
Cabo Verde's development progress has faced challenges from multiple crises, including the socio-economic impact of COVID-19, climate change impacts on biodiversity and food security, and the devastating effects of the Ukraine war on its fossil fuel-dependent economy and vulnerable households.
These crises, coupled with overwhelming public debt levels and debt service, have led to increased poverty and food insecurity, prompting the government to declare a state of social and economic emergency.
Despite the hardships, there are signs of hope for medium-term recovery. The successful vaccination campaign, economic growth, Foreign Direct Investments (FDI) in strategic sectors, and increased remittances provide potential avenues for resilience.
Cabo Verde's robust governance environment and commitment to human rights conventions offer a strong foundation for human security and sustainable economic development.
To continue its journey towards the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), Cabo Verde must rely on well-functioning institutions and public administration reforms, foster citizen participation, and invest in human capital development, social protection, health, and quality education.
Transforming its economy is crucial to reduce dependence on tourism and imports. Addressing bottlenecks related to water-energy nexus and connectivity, along with diversifying economic drivers, will promote economic resilience in the context of a Small Island Developing State.
In this challenging landscape with limited fiscal space, Cabo Verde must prioritize digitalization, improve the business environment, and ensure women and youth participation in decision-making processes.
By focusing on these areas, Cabo Verde can maintain and enhance access to quality basic and social services, revitalize its economy, and achieve sustainable development goals in the face of multiple transitions and crises.
